Nitrostress®

Almost any cell can produce the free radical nitrogen monoxide (NO). It is enzymatically synthesised from the amino acid L-arginine. NO unfolds a high biological activity and reacts with oxygen to form nitrite and nitrate. NO is involved in several vital functions and can have a cytotoxic effect in bacterial defence, or a vasodilatory effect on vessels and bronchi. In addition, it can induce secretion of glutamate in the presynaptic gap or be involved in regulating the mitochondrial metabolism. It is also involved in regulating redox reactions. Various stressors induce increased NO synthesis, resulting in the formation of nitric oxides that severely affect the functionality of organ systems. These reactions are particularly initiated by inflammatory reactions in which pro-inflammatory cytokines stimulate the cellular immune response.

Other sources of increased NO formation are exposure to foreign substances, such as chemicals, heavy metals or medication. Nicotine, physical and mental stress, lack of exercise or strong physical exertion with increased oxygen consumption are considered additional causes. Numerous nitrite and nitrate suppliers, such as preservatives in meat and sausage, promote an accumulation of NO. The effects of increased NO formation extend to a large number of organ functions, depending on the extensive physiological functions. High amounts of NO inhibit enzymes involved in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The resulting ATP loss mainly affects cells with high energy requirement and leads to increased glutamate receptor activity. The neurotransmitter glutamate then opens more receptor channels, resulting in calcium ion influx. This mechanism is exacerbated by Nitrostress® and can lead to permanent loss of function and death of nerve cells.